In this ambitious work, published in 1906, MacKinnon traces the history of liberty throughout Europe in the modern age. The first volume of the book outlines the origins of liberty from the beginning of the Middle Ages, while the second volume details the rise of liberty during the age of the Reformation. Embracing an expansive view of his subject, MacKinnon is able to provide thoughtful commentary on the social, economic, religious, political, and intellectual aspects of freedom.